Lets start working on Linux:

Switching between Terminal/Desktop:

There are more than one terminal i.e desktop/interface in Linux. You have graphical (if installed) and CLI (Command Line Interface) both. You can move one terminal to other terminal very easily. For example Press ALT + CTRL + 2 to go to Second Terminal.

login and logout

Enter your username and password to login into your computer. In CLI mode the non-priviledge user gets $ prompt and priviledge user gets # prompt.

Note: Non-priviledged user has less access however priviledge user which is called root in linux has full access.

pc1 login:
password:
[user1@pc1 ~] $

Where [user1@pc1 ~] $ is called command prompt, user1 is username, pc1 is hostname (computer name), ~ is icon for home directory for user1.
Note: Home Directory is a Folder bydefault created for a user.

To Logout: ctrl + d

To shutdown: First login as root and then run init 0 command.